主要资料来源：
http://www.sofee.cn/blog/2006/10/21/49/
OS：centos 4.7
1、安装SNMPD服务
# yum install net-snmp-utils
# vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
把以下的内容注释掉：
# First, map the community name "public" into a "security name" # sec.name source community ##com2sec notConfigUser default public #### # Second, map the security name into a group name: # groupName securityModel securityName ##group notConfigGroup v1 notConfigUser ##group notConfigGroup v2c notConfigUser #### # Third, create a view for us to let the group have rights to: # Make at least snmpwalk -v 1 localhost -c public system fast again. # name incl/excl subtree mask(optional) ##view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.1 ##view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1 #### # Finally, grant the group read-only access to the systemview view. # group context sec.model sec.level prefix read write notif ##access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact systemview none none
然后增加以下内容：
############################################################## ## sec.name source community com2sec local localhost public com2sec lan 192.168.1.0/24 public ## group.name sec.model sec.name group MyRWGroup v1 local group MyRWGroup v2c local group MyRWGroup usm local group MyROGroup v1 lan group MyROGroup v2c lan group MyROGroup usm lan view all included .1 80 #view mib2 included .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 fc ## context sec.model sec.level prefix read write notif access MyROGroup "" any noauth exact all none none access MyRWGroup "" any noauth exact all all all rocommunity public disk / 100000 disk /mnt/share 500000 ##############################################################
其中的disk配置是为了监控磁盘的使用量，用户可自行修改要监控的目录，这里监控的是系统目录/和数据目录/mnt/share。
完了之后就开启snmpd服务。
# chkconfig snmpd on
# /etc/init.d/snmpd start
2、安装MRTG
# yum install mrtg
默认安装下，已在/etc/cron.d/下生成一个mrtg任务，cron进程会根据据/etc/cron.d/mrtg 中指定的参数每5分钟执行一次，对统计数据的结果页面进行更新，所以要注意MRTG配置文件的保存位置。一般情况下，MRTG的流量统计页面是放在 /var/www/mrtg/下，配置文件保存在/etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg。如果用户自行修改了保存位置，那么也请同时修改/etc /cron.d/mrtg文件中的路径。
2.1 测试生成MRTG配置文件
#/usr/bin/cfgmaker �global 'WorkDir: /var/www/mrtg' �output /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg public@127.0.0.1
如果出现一些错误，一般都是/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf文件配置错误引起，执行后会在/etc/mrtg/下生成一个mrtg.cfg配置 文件。
MRTG除了统计流量之外，还可以统计CPU、UPTIME、内存、磁盘使用量等等，而用cfgmaker生成的配置文件只包含网卡的流量统计，所以用户 可� �据自己的需求对/etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg进行修改。可参考本文最后我的mrtg.cfg配置文件内容。
由于MRTG根据SNMP获取的UPTIME信息不符合规则，所以需要写个脚本来进行转换。
# vi /var/www/mrtg/mrtg-uptime.pl
sub convertUptime { my $data = shift; my $days = 0; # 1 day, 1:42:50 if ( $data =~ /^(d+)sday/ ) { $days = $1; } return ("$days"); }
注：如果直接使用cfgmaker生成的配置文件的话，那么还需要执行indexmaker来生成统计页面。
/usr/bin/indexmaker -output=/var/www/mrtg/index.html -title="sofee.cn MRTG Graph" /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
2.2 配置Apache
安装 apache
#yum install httpd
在CentOS中，Apache的配置部分是除了本机之外拒绝所有人访问的，所以还需要对Apache进行相应的配置，以使外网也能够对MRTG统 计页面进行访问。
# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/mrtg.conf
Alias /mrtg /var/www/mrtg <Location /mrtg> Order deny, allow Allow from all # Deny from all # Allow from 127.0.0.1 # Allow from ::1 # Allow from .example.com </Location>
这里设置的是所有人都可以通过WEB访问/mrtg，用户可自行设置相应权限。
# /etc/init.d/httpd graceful
2.3 生成统计页面
# env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
第1、2次执行一般都会有错误信息，执行第3次就好了。
至此，MRTG已基本设置完毕，可通过浏览器访问http://www.yourhost.com/mrtg来查看统计页面。
3、我的MRTG配置文件
/etc/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
######################################################################
# Multi Router Traffic Grapher -- Example Configuration File
######################################################################
# This file is for use with mrtg-2.0
#
# Note:
#
# * Keywords must start at the begin of a line.
#
# * Lines which follow a keyword line which do start
# with a blank are appended to the keyword line
#
# * Empty Lines are ignored
#
# * Lines starting with a # sign are comments.
# Where should the logfiles, and webpages be created?
# Minimal mrtg.cfg
#--------------------
HtmlDir: /var/www/mrtg
ImageDir: /var/www/mrtg
LogDir: /var/lib/mrtg
ThreshDir: /var/lib/mrtg
Target[r1]: 2:public@myrouter.somplace.edu
MaxBytes[r1]: 1250000
Title[r1]: Traffic Analysis
PageTop[r1]: <h1>Stats for our Ethernet</h1>
#Language: GB2312
Interval:5
Options[_]: nopercent,growright,noinfo,gauge
MaxBytes[_]: 125000000
Xsize[_]: 600
Ysize[_]: 200
Ytics[_]: 10
LoadMIBs: /usr/share/snmp/mibs/UCD-SNMP-MIB.txt,/usr/share/snmp/mibs/TCP-MIB.txt,/usr/share/snmp/mibs/HOST-RESOURCES-MIB.txt
ConversionCode: /var/www/mrtg/mrtg-uptime.pl
###############################################################################
#
# HTML formatting stuff
#
###############################################################################
PageTop[^]: <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="10" border="0" width="100%" align="center"><tr><td width="185" valign="top" class="small"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td class="tableh">Network</td></tr><tr><td class="tablesh"><a href="index.html">- Traffic</a><br><a href="newtcp.html">- New Connections</a><br><a href="estabtcp.html">- Established Connections</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td class="tableh">System Stats</td></tr><tr><td class="tablesh"><a href="load.html">- Load Averages</a><br><a href="swap.html">- Swap Memory</a><br><a href="processes.html">- Processes</a><br><a href="uptime.html">- Uptime</a><br><a href="cpu.html">- CPU</a><br><a href="memory.html">- Free Memory</a><br><a href="disk.html">- Disk Usage</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr></table></td><td>
PageFoot[^]: </td></tr></table>
AddHead[^]: <meta http-equiv='Expires' content='-1'><style><!-- body { text-align: center; background-color: #CCCCCC; font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, verdana; } th, td { font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, verdana; } h3 { font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, verdana; font-weight: bold; } .small { font-size: 8pt; font-family: arial, verdana; } .tableh { font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, verdana; color: white; background-color: black; font-weight: bold; } .tablesh { font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial, verdana; color: black; background-color: #999999; font-weight: normal; } a:visited, a:active, a:link { text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal; font-family: arial, verdana; color: black; } a:hover { font-weight: normal; font-family: arial, verdana; background-color: #999999; color: white; } --></style>
######################################################################
# System: www.sofee.cn
# Description: Linux www.sofee.cn 2.6.9-42.ELsmp #1 SMP Tue Aug 15 10:35:26 BST 2006 x86_64
# Contact: Root <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)
# Location: Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)
######################################################################
#
# Traffic Monitoring
#
Target[index]: 2:public@127.0.0.1:
SetEnv[index]: MRTG_INT_IP="192.168.0.22" MRTG_INT_DESCR="eth0"
Options[index]: nopercent,growright, noinfo, bits
Title[index]: Traffic Analysis for eth0
PageTop[index]: <h1>Traffic Analysis for eth0</h1>
PNGTitle[index]: Traffic Analysis for eth0
kilo[index]: 1024
#
# CPU Monitoring
#
Target[cpu]:ssCpuRawUser.0&ssCpuRawUser.0:public@localhost + ssCpuRawSystem.0&ssCpuRawSystem.0:public@localhost + ssCpuRawNice.0&ssCpuRawNice.0:public@localhost
Title[cpu]: CPU Load
PageTop[cpu]: <h1>Active CPU Load %</h1>
PNGTitle[cpu]: CPU Load - System, User and Nice Processes
RouterUptime[cpu]: public@localhost
MaxBytes[cpu]: 100
Unscaled[cpu]: ymwd
ShortLegend[cpu]: %
YLegend[cpu]: CPU Utilization
Legend1[cpu]: Active CPU in % (Load)
Legend2[cpu]:
Legend3[cpu]:
Legend4[cpu]:
LegendI[cpu]: Active
LegendO[cpu]:
Options[cpu]: growright,nopercent
#
# Memory Monitoring
#
Target[memory]: memAvailReal.0&memTotalReal.0:public@localhost
Title[memory]: Free Memory
PageTop[memory]: <h1>Free Memory</h1>
PNGTitle[memory]: Free Memory
MaxBytes[memory]: 100000000000
ShortLegend[memory]: B
YLegend[memory]: Bytes
LegendI[memory]: Free
LegendO[memory]: Total
Legend1[memory]: Free memory, not including swap, in bytes
Legend2[memory]: Total memory
Options[memory]: gauge,growright,nopercent,noinfo
kMG[memory]: k,M,G,T,P,X
#
# Swap Monitoring
#
Target[swap]: memAvailSwap.0&memAvailSwap.0:public@localhost
Title[swap]: Swap Memory
PageTop[swap]: <h1>Swap Memory</h1>
PNGTitle[swap]: Available Swap
Options[swap]: nopercent,growright,gauge,noinfo
MaxBytes[swap]: 1000000
kMG[swap]: k,M,G,T,P,X
YLegend[swap]: bytes
ShortLegend[swap]: bytes
LegendI[swap]: Free Memory:
LegendO[swap]:
Legend1[swap]: Swap memory avail, in bytes
#
# New TCP Connection Monitoring (per minute)
#
Target[newtcp]: tcpPassiveOpens.0&tcpActiveOpens.0:public@localhost
Title[newtcp]: Newly Created TCP Connections
PageTop[newtcp]: <h1>New TCP Connections</h1>
PNGTitle[newtcp]: Newly Created Inbound&Outbound TCP Connections
MaxBytes[newtcp]: 10000000000
ShortLegend[newtcp]: c/s
YLegend[newtcp]: Conns / Min
LegendI[newtcp]: In
LegendO[newtcp]: Out
Legend1[newtcp]: New inbound connections
Legend2[newtcp]: New outbound connections
Options[newtcp]: growright,nopercent,perminute
#
# Established TCP Connections
#
Target[estabtcp]: tcpCurrEstab.0&tcpCurrEstab.0:public@localhost
Title[estabtcp]: Currently Established TCP Connections
PageTop[estabtcp]: <h1>Established TCP Connections</h1>
PNGTitle[estabtcp]: Established TCP Connections
MaxBytes[estabtcp]: 10000000000
ShortLegend[estabtcp]:
YLegend[estabtcp]: Connections
LegendI[estabtcp]: No. of Connections
LegendO[estabtcp]:
Legend1[estabtcp]: Established connections
Legend2[estabtcp]:
Options[estabtcp]: growright,nopercent,gauge
#
# Disk Usage Monitoring
#
# add disk entry to snmpd.conf
# disk / 100000
# disk /mnt/data 500000
Target[disk]: dskPercent.1&dskPercent.2:public@localhost
Title[disk]: Disk Partition Usage
PageTop[disk]: <h1>Disk Partition Usage / and /uappl</h1>
PNGTitle[disk]: Disk Usage on / and /uappl
MaxBytes[disk]: 100
ShortLegend[disk]: %
YLegend[disk]: Utilization
LegendI[disk]: /
LegendO[disk]: /uappl
Options[disk]: gauge,growright,nopercent
Unscaled[disk]: ymwd
#
# Load Averages Monitoring
#
Target[load]: laLoadInt.1&laLoadInt.3:public@localhost
Title[load]: Load Averages
PageTop[load]: <h1>Load Averages</h1>
PNGTitle[load]: Load Averages
Options[load]: growright, gauge, nopercent, noinfo
MaxBytes[load]: 3000
YLegend[load]: Load (10E-2)
ShortLegend[load]: (10E-2)
LegendI[load]: 1-minute stagger
LegendO[load]: 15-mintute stagger
Legend1[load]: Load Average over last 1 minutes
Legend2[load]: Load Average over last 15 minutes
Legend3[load]: Average over last 1 minutes
Legend4[load]: Average over last 15 minutes
#
# Processes Monitoring
#
Target[processes]: hrSystemProcesses.0&hrSystemProcesses.0:public@localhost
Title[processes]: Processes
PageTop[processes]: <h1>Processes</h1>
PNGTitle[processes]: Processes
Options[processes]: gauge,nopercent,growright
MaxBytes[processes]: 1000
YLegend[processes]: Processes
ShortLegend[processes]:
LegendI[processes]: Total
LegendO[processes]: Running
#
# Uptime Monitoring
#
Target[uptime]: hrSystemUptime.0&hrSystemUptime.0:public@localhost|convertUptime
Title[uptime]: System Uptime In Days
PageTop[uptime]: <h1>System Uptime Report</h1>
PNGTitle[uptime]: System Uptime
MaxBytes[uptime]: 100
ShortLegend[uptime]: Days
YLegend[uptime]: No. of Days
LegendI[uptime]: Uptime:
LegendO[uptime]:
Legend1[uptime]: Uptime in Days
Options[uptime]: gauge,growright,nopercent,noo
